How eDNA Could Help Protect Africa's Endangered Wildlife (By Ethan,18)

By Ethan Cooke, 18, Jill Dando News Correspondent

Conservationists in Rwanda are using a new technology known as environmental DNA (eDNA) to help monitor endangered species without disturbing the animals themselves.

As wildlife across Africa faces increasing pressures from habitat loss, climate change and poaching, researchers believe the technology could provide a valuable tool for conservation efforts.

eDNA works by detecting genetic material left behind in water, soil and other environments.

Traces such as skin cells, fur and faeces can help scientists identify which species are present in a particular area without needing to see or capture the animals.

"With one kit, you can assess multiple species, amphibians, mammals, birds and many others which cannot be detected using traditional techniques," said Deogratias Tuyisingize of the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund.

One challenge is that genetic reference libraries for many African species are less complete than those available in Europe and North America.

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This can make it more difficult to identify species accurately or estimate population numbers from DNA samples alone.

To address this, researchers are working to build region-specific databases across Africa while training local communities and scientists to use the technology.

Supporters believe these efforts could make eDNA a more effective tool for monitoring wildlife and informing future conservation decisions.